Modular Kindergartens by Summary Studio Redefine Prefabrication in Lisbon
Summary Studio’s modular kindergartens project in Lisbon showcases how prefabrication can address urgent public needs with speed, durability, and architectural integrity. Faced with the challenge of building four kindergartens across different urban plots in just over a year, the architects leaned into modularity—not as a compromise, but as a design strategy. Using U-shaped reinforced concrete modules, Summary Studio created buildings that are efficient, playful, and respectful of both context and function. In this Q&A, the architects explain their approach and how this project sets a precedent for future public architecture in Portugal.
What inspired the decision to develop a modular, prefabricated system using U-shaped reinforced concrete pieces for this project?
Our practice constantly explores how construction can be faster and more rigorous without compromising architectural quality. We’re particularly interested in the synthesis of aesthetics and tectonics—a balance we’ve pursued in previous prefabricated experiments like the Gomos System.
For this project, the brief called for a rapid and scalable solution in an urban context. We adapted our existing knowledge to meet new constraints: plot size, urban density, stackability, and technical performance. The U-shaped concrete modules emerged as the most robust and efficient answer. Each unit includes the floor and walls of one compartment and forms the base for any module above. Roof modules follow the same logic, forming parapets where needed. The shape ensures thermal and acoustic performance, and the simplicity of the system made on-site assembly possible in just a few days—a critical factor for a public project.
How did the modular construction system influence the architectural identity of these kindergartens across different locations in Lisbon?
Every technical decision has formal consequences. The standardised construction system naturally resulted in a visual coherence across all four kindergartens. The identity of each building is strongly tied to the modular logic: joints are visible, and the placement of each module is legible from the outside, creating a clear tectonic reading.
To soften the visual impact and create a child-friendly atmosphere, we introduced soft red, yellow, and blue highlights in key areas—signalling the buildings’ playful function rather than an institutional one. While the architecture remains minimal and anonymous enough to fit various urban settings, these touches give each kindergarten a distinct, welcoming presence.
Given the accelerated construction timeline of just 13 months, what were the key challenges in coordinating the simultaneous assembly of the four buildings?
A traditional construction system would have made the timeline nearly impossible. Working in dense urban settings, we needed to limit disruption, reduce costs, and simplify logistics. All structural components—including foundations, facades, floors, and walls—were prefabricated under controlled factory conditions and assembled on-site within days.
Prefabrication allowed us to avoid on-site concreting, reducing noise, waste, and dust—important for community integration. We designed the process itself first, anticipating every logistical hurdle, especially transport and assembly. The standardised approach created both cost efficiency and an architectural identity recognisable across the city. This project taught us that in prefabrication, the process defines the product.
The design emphasizes durability and low maintenance. How do the material choices, particularly reinforced concrete, contribute to the long-term resilience of these structures?
Reinforced concrete was the logical material choice—compatible with the modular system and compliant with the public tender’s focus on durability and low maintenance. The exposed concrete is not only honest and expressive but also resilient. Quality control during factory production ensures the material performs over the long term, requiring minimal upkeep. This aligns perfectly with public infrastructure goals: long-lasting buildings with low lifecycle costs.
How was the issue of thermal performance addressed in these kindergartens, particularly regarding insulation and thermal breaks within the prefabricated concrete modules?
We worked closely with thermal engineers from the beginning to ensure the system met current performance standards. The modules include built-in EPS insulation, and joints are filled with compressive sealant foam to prevent thermal bridging. This results in a tight thermal envelope, maintaining comfort for young children and meeting energy efficiency targets—essential for long-term sustainability and regulatory compliance.
The central corridor serves both as a circulation space and as a hub for mechanical infrastructure. How did this layout enhance functionality, efficiency, and the overall user experience?
The buildings follow an organic yet rational layout. The entrance gates align directly with the main corridors, ensuring safe and clear access for children and caregivers. Straight, linear circulation promotes easy navigation and visibility throughout the buildings—critical for safety and comfort.
The structural module’s shape naturally supports a linear configuration, which allowed us to integrate technical services along the central spine efficiently. The two-storey format created a compact footprint, leaving more space for outdoor playgrounds—critical in dense urban areas where land is limited. This spatial strategy maximised both functionality and user comfort.
